Human Health and Disease

Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Disease is a condition where malfunctioning of the body organs occurs leading to uneasiness and discomfort. Disease-causing organisms are called pathogens.

Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system.

MCQs

1. The infectious stage of Plasmodium that enters the human body is

a. Trophozoites, b. Sporozoites, c. Female gametocytes, d. Male gametocytes

Ans. b. Sporozoites

Explanation: Plasmodium enters the human body as sporozoites (infectious form) through the b------ite of infected female Anopheles mosquito.

2. Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option

A. Typhoid --- (i) Wuchereria

B. Pneumonia --- (ii) Plasmodium

C. Filariasis ---- (iii) Salmonella

D. Malaria ---- (iv) Haemophilus

-----A----B-----C------D

(a) (i) --(iii)---(ii)-----(iv)

(b) (iii)--(iv)---(i)-----(ii)

(d) (iv)--(i)--(ii)--(iii)

Ans. b.

Typhoid-Salmonella, Pneumonia-Haemophilus, Filariasis - Wuchereria, Malaria-Plasmodium

3. Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the confirmatory test for typhoid

a. Salmonella typhi/Widal test

b. Plasmodium vivax / UTI test

c. Streptococcus pneumoniae / Widal test

d. Salmonella typhi/ Anthrone test

Ans. a. Salmonella typhi/ Widal test

Explanation: Typhoid is caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi, transmitted through fecal oral route. It results in high fever, abdominal pain and frequent stools and is confirmed by widal test.

4. In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?

a. Elephantiasis, b. Ascariasis, c. Ringworm disease, d. Amoebiasis

Ans. a. Elephantiasis

5. Which of the following sets of diseases is caused by bacteria?

a. Cholera and tetanus, b. Typhoid and smallpox, c. Tetanus and mumps, d. Herpes and influenza

Ans. a. Cholera and tetanus

6. Which of the following disease is caused by a protozoan?

a. Babesiosis, b. Blastomycosis, c. Syphilis, d. Influenza

Ans. a. Babesiosis

Explanation: It is a malaria like parasitic disease caused by infection with Babesia, a parasitic protozoan.

7. Match each disease with its correct type of vaccine.

-----------Column I---------------Column II------------

A. Tuberculosis ---------------(i) Harmless virus

B. Whooping cough --------(ii) Inactivated toxin

C. Diphtheria ----------------(iii) Killed bacteria

D. Polio -----------------------(iv) Harmless bacteria

a. A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i

b. A-i, B-ii, C-iv, D-iii

c. A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv

d. A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i

Ans. a.

Tuberculosis - Harmless bacteria, Whooping Cough - Killed bacteria, Diphteria - Inactivated toxin, Polio - Harmless virus

8. The active form of Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon

a. food in intestine, b. blood only, c. erythrocytes, mucosa and submucosa of colon, d. mucosa and submucosa of colon only

Ans. c. Erythrocytes, mucosa and submucosa of colon.

9. Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by

a. Tse-tse fly, b. mosquito bite, c. drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris, d. eating imperfectly cooked pork

Ans. c. drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris

10. Identify the site where Wuchereria bancrofti is normally found in human body

a. Muscles of legs

b. Blood vessels of the thigh region

c. Skin between the fingers

d. Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs

Ans. d. Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs